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<!-- Creation Date      : 2022-05-03T03:46:27.0719095+00:00 -->
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2022 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_NonCashInterestExpenseForTheSaleOfFutureRoyalties" name="NonCashInterestExpenseForTheSaleOfFutureRoyalties" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_ProceedsFromSaleOfFutureRoyalties" name="ProceedsFromSaleOfFutureRoyalties" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_NatureOfOperationsAndLiquidityLineItems" name="NatureOfOperationsAndLiquidityLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsAndOtherExpensesCurrent" name="AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentCostsAndOtherExpensesCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_PotentialMilestonePayments" name="PotentialMilestonePayments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_LiabilityRelatedToTheSaleOfFutureRoyalties" name="LiabilityRelatedToTheSaleOfFutureRoyalties" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_SaleOfFutureRoyaltiesTable" name="SaleOfFutureRoyaltiesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_AnnualInterestRateOnInterestExpense" name="AnnualInterestRateOnInterestExpense" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_UpfrontPaymentPaid" name="UpfrontPaymentPaid" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_SalesAgreementMember" name="SalesAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_AlternativeInvestmentMeasurementExpectedDividendPayments" name="AlternativeInvestmentMeasurementExpectedDividendPayments" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_ExpirationAnniversaryDateOfIssuance" name="ExpirationAnniversaryDateOfIssuance" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_NumberOfTranches" name="NumberOfTranches" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_LoanAndSecurityAgreementMember" name="LoanAndSecurityAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_WarrantsNotSettleableCashMember" name="WarrantsNotSettleableCashMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
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  <xsd:element id="nerv_OptionExchangeProgramMember" name="OptionExchangeProgramMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_USFoodAndDrugAdministrationMember" name="USFoodAndDrugAdministrationMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_CommonStockExchangedForPRSUS" name="CommonStockExchangedForPRSUS" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_ShareBasedGoodsAndServicesNonCashIncrementalStockBasedCompensationCost" name="ShareBasedGoodsAndServicesNonCashIncrementalStockBasedCompensationCost" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_EmployeesAndNonEmployeesStockOptionMember" name="EmployeesAndNonEmployeesStockOptionMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_LeaseDescription" name="LeaseDescription" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_LeaseCommencementDate" name="LeaseCommencementDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_MonthlyRentalRate" name="MonthlyRentalRate" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearTwo" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearTwo" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="nerv_OfficeSubleaseAgreementMember" name="OfficeSubleaseAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
